Machine Parts

What is Combined Power cycle? Combined Power cycle : A combined power cycle is one based on the coupling of two different power cycles such the waste heat from one cycle is used partially or totally as the heat source for the other cycle. What is co-generation system? Co-generation system:  The technique of sequential production of energy usually electrical energy and by utilizing exhaust energy as heat or thermal energy from a single energy source is called co-generation system.   Example of co-generation system: One of the best examples is a power plant for industry may provide steam for heating building as well as for electric power, sugar mill, paper mill, drying unit and room heating.  Definition of effectiveness:   The performance of co-generation plant is frequently measured in terms of its effectiveness ᵋ Which is defined as the ratio of (electrical energy delivered + thermal load ) and combustion heat absorbed

Friction is defined as the resistance to motion between two objects in contact with each other. To prevent one object from sliding on another acts as friction . The automobile many parts are rotating and sliding with other parts. Some of the power developed by engine must be used up in overcoming this friction.  Demerits effects of Friction/Disadvantage of Friction: Friction is an effect which wasted power because it does not contribute to moving the car. On the other hand friction is very valuable in the car brakes. It also creates noise. Characteristics of Friction: Friction varies with the pressure applied between the sliding surfaces, the roughness of the surfaces and the material of which the surfaces are made. Mainly friction varies with the load, types of material and roughness of a surface. Coefficient of Friction: People need to know exact way to find frictional differences than to say that one surface has a high friction and another surface

It is simplest sense hydraulics has to do with certain characteristics of liquids such as water and oil. People query   so far as the automotive chassis is concerned is related to the effects of pressure applied to a liquid. It is called Hydraulic pressure. Hydraulic pressure used in the b raking system in shock absorbers and in power steering systems. It is also used in automotive transmission system such as control circuits, fluid coupling, and torque converter, in engine it is more used in water pump, oil pump, hydraulic valve filters, fuel pump and others.  It has been seen that increasing the pressure on a gas will compress the gas into a smaller volume. When pressure increase in a liquid its volume do not reduce. Its volume stay at the same even through the pressure on it is greatly increased. It is incompressible because a liquid can not be compressed into a smaller volume. The molecules of the liquid are rather close together as opposed to a gas in which

In a real impactor , the nozzle flow impacts on a flat plate placed at right angle to the nozzle flow and flows  radially outwards on the plate. Hence, the flow field is constant in real impactor provided the flow rate Q 1   through the nozzle is constant, whereas in a virtual impactor this is not the case. Here keeping the total flow  rate Q 1 through nozzle constant, the minor flow rate Q m   through collection prove can be changed by  changing the major flow rate Q 2 through the vacuum pump. Hence, in virtual impactor , the effective velocity responsible for pushing the particles into the minor flow is a  difference of velocities (V 1 -V 2 )   , Where   V 1    and V 2     are the velocities corresponding to the nozzle flow  rate and major flow rate. The experimental analysis has been done in set II   in accordance with the methodology described below. Stokes number for a virtual impactir is given by: Stk=   Ʈ (V 1 -V 2 )    

Changing the size of narrowly distributed aerosols: The size of narrowly distributed aerosols generated in the aerosols generator can be  controlled by controlling solution concentration (C c ) . , Minor flow rate (Q m )   and total flow rate (Q 1 ) .  Effect of change in solution concentration: The size of aerosols with narrow size distribution can be varied by changing the concentration  of liquid solution according to the relation. C c = V p /V d = d p 3 /d d 3 Where       C c = Solution concentration    V p = Volume of solute from which final particles are formed, V d = Volume of solvent  d p = Diameter of particle and d d = Diameter of droplet We know d d   because it is the cut off diameter of droplets in the virtual impactor . Forconstant  flow rate through the virtual impactor, the cut off diameter , d d , in the virtual impactor is  always constant. Hnece, depending on the final particles diameters , d