Machine Parts

A Poppet valve up and down in a fixed distance which is predetermined. For it’s up and down mechanism it is called mushroom valve. Poppet valve size also looks as like as mushroom. A Poppet valve contain two main parts one is Head and another is Stem. One can construct his or her automobile engine by various way such as construction of sealing efficiency which is more easier than any other construction, self centering, the stem to rotate which is more freely and construction is easily. Inlet and Outlet Valve:   Exhaust valve is smaller than inlet valve. Because inlet valve receive mixture of air-fuel which contain high pressure and it is released in exhaust valve where some energy lost . Outer gas volume is less than inner gas volume. Someone use larger exhausted valve, but smaller exhaust gas is more prefer by people because it contain a small   loading place which is fully load of thermal loading. Valve Diameter distance:   Most of the develope

Now scientist use solar cell in smart phone. By using glass on smart phone screen now used solar energy.   A researcher team of University of California recently invent solar energy used in smart phone. By this way one smart phone user no need charge his/her smart phone. In this technology Smart phone screen work as a solar cell. This types of device is thin and it contain two polymer solar cell.   Two polymer solar cell collect heat from sun. After collecting heat energy from sunlight and then it is convert into electric energy. This solar energy people can used their house windows, car windows and smart phone. Initially researcher team work with only one solar cell, now they invent new device where they can collect 80   % energy from sun. In former way a device can collect only 40% solar energy and it take loss about 40 %. Now more popular is monocrystalline solar charger, cell and silicon water which looks small and it creates good feedback. A French phys

LED means Light Emitting Diode . LED which is used as   a semiconductor and work as alternative source of sunlight. In 1962 LED discover scientist and it’s intensity is very less than update LED. One can see various types of LED such as Red Light Emitting Diode, it’s intensity is very small Blue Light Emitting Diode, it’s intensity is very high   Green Light Emitting Diode, it’s intensity is very high In physical science two types of LED seen one is p-type LED and one is n-type LED. In a p-n junction when holes and electron meets energy released from electron, because electron contain high energy and hole contain low energy, when energy level change and Photon emit   energy , light is created. Some LED materials examples given bellow: White :   White color LED contain Yellow phosphor, voltage drop amount is 3.5 Volt and wave length is board spectrum. Pink : Pink color LED contain phosphor which is may be one or tw

A spacecraft which is flying as like as a bird outer surface of earth and used as a vehicle.  There are many spacecraft objectives such as look   earth, make a communication between earth and outer line of air space, search for new planetary, exilement human and transit cargo. Sputnik 1 which is flying to earth outer surface and it   is the first spacecraft in earth. In 1967 Russia start sent spacecraft in earth outer surface which is mainly target for Soviet. About one hundred spacecraft Russia fly in sky and also facilitation provide on   International Space Station.                  United States fly their Space Shuttle more than Russia about 135 space Shuttle which start in 1981. And their Space Shuttle give facilitation to Spacelab . Before some era scientist use a spacecraft or space shuttle which is not reusable for this reason cost is much high. But developing of Spacecraft and Space Shuttle is now reused. There have some bad impact on environment when scientis

Powder metallurgy techniques are used for the production of refractory metals, composite metals and porous metals and metal nonmetlas combinations and more efficient production method for certain parts.The high melting points of refractory metals make it impossible to use the conventional melting and casting techniques. The use of powder method for the manufacture of tungsten filament was described at the beginning of this chapter. This techniques only for the practical method of producing molybdenum, tantalum and others metals of the same group.  One of the outstanding uses of powder metallurgy is the combination of hard metals in th metallic matrix, which serves as the basis for cemented carbide products. In the production of cemented carbides in cutting tools, a suitable mixtures of the carbides of tungsten, tantalum and titanium with cobalt as a binder is compacted and presintered. In this condition metal can be cut, machined and ground to the final shape. The compact is th

                                                       Hydraulic   has some advantages than any others clamping such as it is more faster and has good feedback. It is also used in large manufactured industry. Failure of operation is low. These types of drives are advisable. But there have some limitations of hydraulic clamping such as for use these clamping must have enough space. Hydraulic clamping also have limitation to use specific jobs. Hydraulic clamping give high pressure which is get easily and efficiency is higher than any types of clamping. If any one interest to compare between pneumatic and hydraulic clamping, there see a basic difference between them. It is in a hydraulic clamping has a small cylinder and it create high pressure and pneumatic clamping has a large cylinder but it can not crate high pressure. The main principles of air to hydraulic clamping is in booster as follows in air pressure is 100 psi and the area pressure is 10 psi. there we find 1000 psi by c