The shaping operation may be performed in the same die as cutting operation, which deforms the mental to various degrees. Shaping operations are generally divided into three groups: · Bending · Forming · Drawing What is spring back? How does it can be prevented? Spring back: Elastic stresses remaining in the bend area after bending pressure is released will cause a slight decrease in the bend angle. Metal movement of this type is known as spring back. Prevention: it can be prevented in wiping dies by ‘ironing’ the material. To iron the bend effectively the distance between the punch & the die must be slightly less than the metal thickness. Ironing in the corner will be effectively accomplished only by using a slight shoulder on the punch that contacts the work material near the end of the stroke. The die may also be undercut to permit over bending when spring back is not too severe.
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