Machine Parts

Piping system is an essential part of a steam power plant. It is employed to transmit water, steam, air, oil and vapour from one position to others. Types of piping system: A power uses many fluids like water, air, oil, steam, gas etc during its operation. This requires a variety of integrated piping system mentioned below: 1.       Water piping: Raw water, feed water, condensate and condenser cooling water. 2.       Steam piping: Main, reheat, bleed exhaust steam. 3.       Blow of piping : Boiler, evaporator, feed treatment. 4.       Miscellaneous piping: Water treatment, service water, lubricating oil, drains compressed air etc.                                                                          Figure:   Steam piping system Materials for pipes   Ø   Cast iron: Cast iron pipes are used underground for water and drainage system and in order to place where problem of corrosion is excessive. Cast iron pipes are used for water service up to

   Lubrication Lubrication means apply of lubricating element at right position, right amount and right time. In case of bearing lubrication is very necessary to minimize the bearing resistance, frictions and power losses. Purpose of lubrication: Ø   To reduce the sliding frictions. Ø   To remove heat from contact surfaces. Ø   To prevent corrosions. Ø   To keep contaminants out of surface. Lubricants:             The elements which are used for lubrication are known as lubricant. There are mainly two types of lubricants: 1.       Oil 2.       Grease Properties of good lubricants: Ø   Higher wear resistance Ø   Medium viscosity Ø   Having unbroken film Ø   Transparent and chemically stable Ø   Prevent frictions Ø   Removes heats from contact surface Ø   Remain stable under several operations Lubricant selections: It depends upon the parameters – Ø   Load Ø   Speed Ø   Temperature Ø   Bearing types Oil lubrication:

Bearings Bearing refers to any kind of support in direct contact with a moving machine parts. Most of the bearing supports the rotating shafts or spindle. Mainly they are used to minimize the friction, wear and power loss. Types of bearings: 1.       Plain or sleeve bearing 2.       Antifriction bearing Plain bearing:             Plain bearing is a simple cylindrical shape where shaft rotates through the journal area by the separation of a film of lubricating oil. Antifriction bearing:             The bearing where various rolling element like steel balls, rollers etc is used called antifriction bearing.                                                                     Figure: Antifriction bearings (rollers and balls). Bearing selection: Bearing selection depends upon the factors – Ø   Power consumption Ø   Working life time Ø   Types of load caring (axial or radial) Ø   Tolerance and fitness Ø   Shaft speed (rpm) Ø   Ope