Machine Parts

Real surfaces on of the best examples are not perfectly diffuse and hence the intensity of emitted radiation is not constant over all directions. The characteristically different behavior of electric conductors and mono-conductors.   Conductors emit more energy in a direction having a large azimuth angle. This behavior more explained with basic electromagnetic wave theory A sphere conducted and mono conducting material will have the opposite behavior and will appear bright in the center and dark around the edge. Reflectance and absorptance of thermal radiation from real surfaces are a function not only of the surface itself but also the surroundings . The properties are dependent on the direction and wave length of the incident radiation .   But the distribution of the intensity of incident radiation with wave length may be a very complicated function of the temperatures and surface characteristics of all the surfaces which incorporate the su...

Sometimes a better picture of the process can be obtained by putting flow lines on plan drawing of the building or area in which the activity takes place. A sketch of the plan view of the house, lawn and garden. Lines are drawn in sketch of the show the path of travel, and the process chart symbols are inserted in the lines to indicate what is place take.     Brief notations are included to amplify the symbols. This called a flow diagram. Sometimes both process chart and a flow diagram are needed to show clearly the steps in a manufacturing process, office, procedure or other activity.  Water Garden           ↓ Open Door          ↓ To look Locker in Garage         ↓ Remove house from locker         ↓ To rear garage door         ↓ ...

Process symbols are five and their names are given bellow: 1.       Operation: A Large circle indicates an operation and represents the main steps in the process. The transportation's, storage, inspections are more or less auxiliary to the processing operations. An operations is a subdivision of a process and is usually performed in one location. Usually a part, material or product is modified or changed during the operation. 2.       Transportation: A small circle indicates a transportation. A transportation occurs when the part or objrct being suited is moved from one place to another. It is often describable to show means of transportation by placing a lecter inside the circle. 3.       Storage or Delay: A triangle indicates a storage or delay. If it seems desirable to differentiate between a temporary storage and a permanent or control storage. It   may be place...

  Process Charts:  The process chart is a device for recording a process in a compact manner, as a means of better understanding it and improving it. The charts represents graphically the separate steps or events that occurs during the performance the piece of work or a during series of action. The chart generally start with the raw materials entering the factory and follows it through every step, such as transportation to storage, inspection machining operations, assembly until it become finished, uni or a part of sub assembly. The process chart might of a course, record the process through only one or a few departments. A careful study of giving such a chart a graphic picture of every step in the process through the factory, is almost suggest to improvements.   It is frequently found that certain operations can be combined with another, that better route of the parts can be found more economical massive, delay between operations eliminat...

The application of the principles of heat transfer to the design of equipment to accomplish a certain engineering objective is of extreme importance for an applying the principles to design the individual is working toward the important goal of the product development for economic gain.  Economics plays a key of role in the design and selection of heat exchange equipment and the engineering should bear this mind when embarking any new heat transfer design problems. The weight and size of heat exchangers used in space or aeronautical applications are very important parameters and this cases cost considerations are frequently subordinated insofar as material and heat exchanger construction cost are concerned.  The weight and size are important cost factors in the overall   applications in the fields and thus may still be considered as economic variables.              ...